Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that uses a low electrical current delivered through electrodes placed on the scalp to modulate neuronal activity. It is primarily used to enhance cognitive function, improve mood, and support rehabilitation in conditions like depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and stroke recovery. tDCS is also studied for its potential to boost learning, memory, and focus, making it appealing for cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals. By targeting specific brain regions, tDCS can help regulate neural pathways and promote neuroplasticity, providing a promising tool in therapeutic and performance-enhancing applications.

tDCS is often used to enhance focus and attention by stimulating areas of the brain responsible for cognitive control, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Anodal stimulation of the DLPFC can improve attention span, working memory, and the ability to focus on tasks by enhancing neural plasticity and communication between brain regions involved in executive functioning. This makes tDCS a useful tool for individuals with attention-related issues, such as ADHD or cognitive fatigue, improving their ability to concentrate for longer periods of time and manage distractions.

tDCS can be beneficial for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) by modulating the activity of specific brain regions implicated in OCD, such as the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. These areas are responsible for decision-making, emotional regulation, and inhibitory control, which are often impaired in OCD. By adjusting the neural excitability in these regions, tDCS may help reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Research has shown that consistent tDCS sessions can lead to improvements in OCD symptoms, making it a promising adjunct treatment for individuals who do not respond well to traditional medications or therapy.